Equity
Individual stocks
You choose the company yourself. Higher control and clearer ownership, but also higher single-company risk than a fund.
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Fixed income
Bonds bought directly
You own the bond rather than a bond fund. That can make maturity and cash flow easier to understand, but it reduces diversification.
Government bonds
Corporate bonds
Gold
Physical gold
You hold the metal directly. Purity, storage, resale spread, and buyback quality matter more than on ETF-style routes.
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Property
Residential or rental property
You own the property, so title, financing, maintenance, and exit liquidity all sit with you rather than a pooled vehicle.
Residential property
Rental or commercial property
Digital
Direct crypto holding
You hold the coins or tokens themselves rather than a listed wrapper. That raises custody, security, and operational risk materially.
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Decision test
When not to use this route
If your real need is diversification, simplicity, recurring investing, or delegated selection, pooled funds usually fit better than direct ownership.
See pooled funds